Management effects on net ecosystem carbon and GHG budgets at European crop sites (Articolo in rivista)

Type
Label
  • Management effects on net ecosystem carbon and GHG budgets at European crop sites (Articolo in rivista) (literal)
Anno
  • 2010-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#doi
  • 10.1016/j.agee.2010.09.020 (literal)
Alternative label
  • Ceschia E., Béziat P., Dejoux J.F., Aubinet M., Bernhofer Ch., Bodson B., Buchmann N., Di Tommasi P., Magliulo V., e altri (2010)
    Management effects on net ecosystem carbon and GHG budgets at European crop sites
    in Agriculture, ecosystems & environment (Print)
    (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori
  • Ceschia E., Béziat P., Dejoux J.F., Aubinet M., Bernhofer Ch., Bodson B., Buchmann N., Di Tommasi P., Magliulo V., e altri (literal)
Pagina inizio
  • 363 (literal)
Pagina fine
  • 383 (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#url
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.09.020 (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#numeroVolume
  • 139 (literal)
Rivista
Note
  • ISI Web of Science (WOS) (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#affiliazioni
  • 1. CESBIO, UMR 5126, CNES, CNRS,UPS,IRD, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France 2. Univ Liege Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, Unit Biosyst Phys, BE-5030 Gembloux, Belgium 3. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany 4. Univ Liege Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, Crops Management Unit, BE-5030 Gembloux, Belgium 5. ETH, Inst Anim Plant & Agroecosyst Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland 6. CEAM, Fdn Comunidad Valenciana, Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo, Peterna 46980, Spain 7. INRA, Res Unit Environm & Arable Crops, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France 8. CNR, ISAFoM, Inst Mediterranean Agr & Forest Syst, I-80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy 9. Alterra, Wageningen UR, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands 10. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Bot, Dublin 2, Ireland 11. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany 12. Johnstown Res Ctr, Johnstown Castle, Co Wexford, Ireland 13. INRA, UMR 1114, F-84914 Avignon, France 14. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland 15. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland 16. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geog & Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark (literal)
Titolo
  • Management effects on net ecosystem carbon and GHG budgets at European crop sites (literal)
Abstract
  • The greenhouse gas budgets of 15 European crop sites covering a large climatic gradient and corresponding to 41 site-years were estimated. The sites included a wide range of management practices (organic and/or mineral fertilisation, tillage or ploughing, with or without straw removal, with or without irrigation, etc.) and were cultivated with 15 representative crop species common to Europe. At all sites, carbon inputs (organic fertilisation and seeds), carbon exports (harvest or fire) and net ecosystem production (NEP), measured with the eddy covariance technique, were calculated. The variability of the different terms and their relative contributions to the net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) were analysed for all site-years, and the effect of management on NECB was assessed. To account for greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes that were not directly measured on site, we estimated the emissions caused by field operations (EFO) for each site using emission factors from the literature. The EFO were added to the NECB to calculate the total GHG budget (GHGB) for a range of cropping systems and management regimes. N(2)O emissions were calculated following the IPCC (2007) guidelines, and CH(4) emissions were estimated from the literature for the rice crop site only. At the other sites, CH(4) emissions/oxidation were assumed to be negligible compared to other contributions to the net GHGB. Finally, we evaluated crop efficiencies (CE) in relation to global warming potential as the ratio of C exported from the field (yield) to the total GHGB. On average, NEP was negative (-284 +/- 228 gC m(-2) year(-1)), and most cropping systems behaved as atmospheric sinks, with sink strength generally increasing with the number of days of active vegetation. The NECB was, on average, 138 +/- 239 gC m(-2) year(-1), corresponding to an annual loss of about 2.6 +/- 4.5% of the soil organic C content, but with high uncertainty. Management strongly influenced the NECB, with organic fertilisation tending to lower the ecosystem carbon budget. On average, emissions caused by fertilisers (manufacturing, packaging, transport, storage and associated N(2)O emissions) represented close to 76% of EFO. The operation of machinery (use and maintenance) and the use of pesticides represented 9.7 and 1.6% of EFO, respectively. On average, the NEP (through uptake of CO(2)) represented 88% of the negative radiative forcing, and exported C represented 88% of the positive radiative forcing of a mean total GHGB of 203 +/- 253 gC-eq m(-2) year(-1). Finally, CE differed considerably among crops and according to management practices within a single crop. Because the CE was highly variable, it is not suitable at this stage for use as an emission factor for management recommendations, and more studies are needed to assess the effects of management on crop efficiency (literal)
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