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In Situ Observations of the Atomistic Mechanisms of Ni Catalyzed Low Temperature Graphene Growth (Articolo in rivista)

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In Situ Observations of the Atomistic Mechanisms of Ni Catalyzed Low Temperature Graphene Growth (Articolo in rivista) (literal)

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Laerte L. Patera, Cristina Africh, Robert S. Weatherup, Raoul Blume, Sunil Bhardwaj, Carla Castellarin-Cudia, Axel Knop-Gericke, Robert Schloegl, Giovanni Comelli, Stephan Hofmann, and Cinzia Cepek (2013)
In Situ Observations of the Atomistic Mechanisms of Ni Catalyzed Low Temperature Graphene Growth
in ACS nano; ACS, American chemical society, Washington, DC (Stati Uniti d'America)
(literal)

Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori

Laerte L. Patera, Cristina Africh, Robert S. Weatherup, Raoul Blume, Sunil Bhardwaj, Carla Castellarin-Cudia, Axel Knop-Gericke, Robert Schloegl, Giovanni Comelli, Stephan Hofmann, and Cinzia Cepek (literal)

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CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, Km.163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; Physics Department and CENMAT, University of Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie GmbH, Division Solar Energy Research, Berlin 12489, Germany; Elettra-Sincrotrone S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; Fritz Haber Institute, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany (literal)

Titolo

In Situ Observations of the Atomistic Mechanisms of Ni Catalyzed Low Temperature Graphene Growth (literal)

Abstract

The key atomistic mechanisms of graphene formation on Ni for technologically relevant hydrocarbon exposures below 600 °C are directly revealed via complementary in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For clean Ni(111) below 500 °C, two different surface carbide (Ni2C) conversion mechanisms are dominant which both yield epitaxial graphene, whereas above 500 °C, graphene predominantly grows directly on Ni(111) via replacement mechanisms leading to embedded epitaxial and/or rotated graphene domains. Upon cooling, additional carbon structures form exclusively underneath rotated graphene domains. The dominant graphene growth mechanism also critically depends on the near-surface carbon concentration and hence is intimately linked to the full history of the catalyst and all possible sources of contamination. The detailed XPS fingerprinting of these processes allows a direct link to high pressure XPS measurements of a wide range of growth conditions, including polycrystalline Ni catalysts and recipes commonly used in industrial reactors for graphene and carbon nanotube CVD. This enables an unambiguous and consistent interpretation of prior literature and an assessment of how the quality/structure of as-grown carbon nanostructures relates to the growth modes. (literal)

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