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Plasma-surface interactions during tokamak disruptions and rapid shutdowns (Articolo in rivista)

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Plasma-surface interactions during tokamak disruptions and rapid shutdowns (Articolo in rivista) (literal)

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E.M. Hollmann; G. Arnoux; N. Commaux; N.W. Eidietis; T.E. Evans; R.S. Granetz; A. Huber; D.A. Humphreys; V.A. Izzo; A.N. James; T.C. Jernigan; M. Lehnen; G. Maddaluno; R. Paccagnella; P.B. Parks; V. Philipps; M.L. Reinke; D.L. Rudakov; F. Saint-Laurent; V. Sizyuk; E.J. Strait; J.C. Wesley; C.P.C. Wong; J.H. Yu (2011)
Plasma-surface interactions during tokamak disruptions and rapid shutdowns
in Journal of nuclear materials; ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, AMSTERDAM (Paesi Bassi)
(literal)

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E.M. Hollmann; G. Arnoux; N. Commaux; N.W. Eidietis; T.E. Evans; R.S. Granetz; A. Huber; D.A. Humphreys; V.A. Izzo; A.N. James; T.C. Jernigan; M. Lehnen; G. Maddaluno; R. Paccagnella; P.B. Parks; V. Philipps; M.L. Reinke; D.L. Rudakov; F. Saint-Laurent; V. Sizyuk; E.J. Strait; J.C. Wesley; C.P.C. Wong; J.H. Yu (literal)

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Supplement: S; La rivista è pubblicata anche online con ISSN 1873-4820 (Editore: Elsevier Science BV) (literal)

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a University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, USA - b JET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK - c Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA - d General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, USA - e MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA - f Institut fuer Energieforschung-Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, D-52425 Juelich, Germany - g Associazione EURATOM-ENAE sulla Fusione, Centro Ricerche Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy - h Consorzio RFX, Associazione Euratom-ENAE sulla Fusione, Padova, Italy - i CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France - j Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA --- (E.M. Hollmann a, G. Arnoux b, N. Commaux c, N.W. Eidietis d, T.E. Evans d, R.S. Granetz e, A. Huber f, D.A. Humphreys d, V.A. Izzo a, A.N. James a, T.C. Jernigan c, M. Lehnen f, G. Maddaluno g, R. Paccagnella h, P.B. Parks d, V. Philipps f, M.L. Reinke e, D.L. Rudakov a, F. Saint-Laurent i, V. Sizyuk j, E.J. Strait d, J.C. Wesley d, C.P.C. Wong d, J.H. Yu a) (literal)

Titolo

Plasma-surface interactions during tokamak disruptions and rapid shutdowns (literal)

Abstract

Recent progress in understanding of disruptions and in developing methods to avoid disruption damage is presented. Nearly complete mitigation of conducted heat loads has been achieved with high-Z gas jet shutdown. The resulting local radiation heat flash melting in the main chamber might be a concern in ITER, especially with beryllium walls. During the current quench, significant vessel forces can occur due to halo currents I halo; however, these are found to fall reliably below a boundary of (halo current fraction times halo current peaking factor) <0.7 both experimentally and numerically. Numerical simulations indicate that runaway electrons (REs) could cause serious damage to hard-to reach components in ITER, making their suppression a high priority. During the current quench, less than 20% of the density required for collisional suppression of REs appears to have been achieved. Collisional suppression of REs may have been achieved, however, in full-current RE beams with gas injection. (literal)

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