http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/individuo/prodotto/ID76712
Micrometeorological measurements to assess fire fuel dryness (Abstract in rivista)
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- Label
- Micrometeorological measurements to assess fire fuel dryness (Abstract in rivista) (literal)
- Anno
- 2006-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
- Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#doi
- 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.093 (literal)
- Alternative label
SPANO D., DUCE P., ZARA P., SNYDER R.L., PAW U K.T. (2006)
Micrometeorological measurements to assess fire fuel dryness
(literal)
- Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori
- SPANO D., DUCE P., ZARA P., SNYDER R.L., PAW U K.T. (literal)
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- Lavoro presentato alla V International Conference on Forest Fire Research, tenuta a Figueira da Foz, Coimbra, il 27-30 Novembre 2006 (literal)
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- Università di Sassari, Dipartimento di Economia e Sistemi Arborei
CNR-IBIMET, Sassari
University of California, Atmospheric Science, Davis, CA, United States (literal)
- Titolo
- Micrometeorological measurements to assess fire fuel dryness (literal)
- Abstract
- On a daily basis, the ratio of sensible heat flux density (H) to
net radiation (Rn) minus soil heat flux density (G) increases as a
surface becomes drier and, therefore, the ratio provides amethod
to assess surface dryness. When a surface is wet, most of the
available energy on the surface is partitioned to latent heat flux
density (LE) and a dryness index defined as Fd = H/(Rn ? G)
approaches zero. As the surface dries and more available energy
is partitioned to H, the dryness index Fd approaches unity. Thus,
if simple, cost effective methods to determine H, Rn, and G are
available, then remote measurements can provide a direct
method to evaluate fuel dryness at points within an area of
interest.One advantage of the Fd method is that the dryness index
integrates contributions of all combustion materials including
aerial, surface and ground fuel. With recent advances in
electronics, it is now possible to remotely monitor the variables
needed to determine high frequency temperature data in remote
locations and to estimate sensible heat flux density using the
surface renewal (SR) method.
The SR method uses fine-wire thermocouples to measure
high frequency temperature. Temperature traces of high
frequency data show ramp-like characteristics, and the
statistical moments of the structure function are used to
determine mean ramp characteristics during a sampling
interval. Then H is computed using a conservation of energy
equation.
Field trials were conducted to determine if measurements of
high frequency temperature and the SR technique are useful to
determine Fd for Mediterranean shrublands. Data were
collected in Sardinia, Italy. The Fd index data were compared
with three slow response fire danger indices including the
KBDI drought index, the drought factor (D) in the McArthur
forest fire danger meter, and the fast response FFMC of the
Canadian FWI. In addition, comparisons were made with the
McArthur forest fire danger meter and a modified version of the
KBDI using evapotranspiration estimated from the Hargreaves
and Samani equation. It was concluded that estimating H using
thermocouples and the SR method, in combination with Rn and
G measurements or estimates, provides a low-cost method to
calculate Fd as an indicator of weighted surface fuel, plant, and
soil dryness. This method can potentially improve site specific
information on fire fuel dryness without the need for travel and
labor to visit remote sites for fuel dryness measurements. (literal)
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