Comprehensive characterisation of PM2.5 aerosol in Singapore. (Articolo in rivista)

Type
Label
  • Comprehensive characterisation of PM2.5 aerosol in Singapore. (Articolo in rivista) (literal)
Anno
  • 2003-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
Alternative label
  • Balasubramanian, R., W-B. Qian, S. Decesari, M.C. Facchini and S. Fuzzi (2003)
    Comprehensive characterisation of PM2.5 aerosol in Singapore.
    in Journal of geophysical research
    (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori
  • Balasubramanian, R., W-B. Qian, S. Decesari, M.C. Facchini and S. Fuzzi (literal)
Pagina inizio
  • 4523 (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#numeroVolume
  • 108 (literal)
Rivista
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#note
  • doi:10.1029/2002JD002517 (literal)
Note
  • ISI Web of Science (WOS) (literal)
Titolo
  • Comprehensive characterisation of PM2.5 aerosol in Singapore. (literal)
Abstract
  • A comprehensive characterization of PM2.5 aerosols collected in Singapore from January through December 2000 is presented. The annual average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 27.2 mg/m 3 . The atmospheric loading of PM2.5 was elevated sporadically from March through May, mainly due to advection of biomass burning (deliberate fires to clear plantation areas) impacted air masses from Sumatra, Indonesia. Satellite images of the area, trajectory calculations, and surface wind direction data are in support of the transport of pyrogenic products from Sumatra toward Singapore. Aerosol samples collected during the dry season were analyzed for water-soluble ions, water-soluble organic compounds, elemental carbon, organic carbon, and trace elements using a number of analytical techniques. The major components were sulfate (18%), water-soluble carbonaceous materials (16%) and water-insoluble carbonaceous materials (27%). The minor components included potassium (2%), sodium (3%), chloride (2%), ammonium (5%), nitrate (4%), element carbon (6%), total inorganic carbon (3%) and trace elements (5%). Aerosol water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) were characterized based on a combination of chromatographic separations by ion exchange chromatography, functional group investigation by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HNMR), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) determination. The quality of the analytical data obtained was critically examined by conducting stringent quality control checks. Aerosol mass balances for the individual samples were constructed from the sum of the following groups: crustal matter, inorganic species, carbonaceous materials, and sea-salt components. The sum of the determined groups of components and the gravimetrically determined mass agreed well. Principal component analysis was performed from the combined data set, and five factors were observed: a soil dust component, a metallurgical industry factor, a factor representing combustion emissions, a sea-salt component, and an oil-combustion factor. (literal)
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