Misure radar polarimetriche della precipitazione per interpretare, ricostruire e validare le osservazioni da radar ad apertura sintetica in banda X (#1201) (Rapporti finali progetti di ricerca)

Type
Label
  • Misure radar polarimetriche della precipitazione per interpretare, ricostruire e validare le osservazioni da radar ad apertura sintetica in banda X (#1201) (Rapporti finali progetti di ricerca) (literal)
Anno
  • 2012-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
Alternative label
  • Luca Baldini, Eugenio Gorgucci, Nicoletta Roberto , Dino Giuli, Luca Facheris, Fabrizio Cuccoli (, Roberto Deidda, Maria Grazia Badas, Giuseppe Mascaro, Matteo Hellies Chandrasekar V. Chandra, Jason Fritz (2012)
    Misure radar polarimetriche della precipitazione per interpretare, ricostruire e validare le osservazioni da radar ad apertura sintetica in banda X (#1201)
    (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori
  • Luca Baldini, Eugenio Gorgucci, Nicoletta Roberto , Dino Giuli, Luca Facheris, Fabrizio Cuccoli (, Roberto Deidda, Maria Grazia Badas, Giuseppe Mascaro, Matteo Hellies Chandrasekar V. Chandra, Jason Fritz (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#supporto
  • Altro (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#affiliazioni
  • (CNR - Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Roma) Università di Firenze, Lab. Radar e Radiocomunicazioni and CNIT) (Gruppo di Idrologia - Dipartimento di Ingengeria Civile, Ambientale e Architettura, formerly Dip. Ingegneria del Territorio, Università di Cagliari), (Colorado State University, Radar & Communications Group, Ft. Collins, USA) (literal)
Titolo
  • Misure radar polarimetriche della precipitazione per interpretare, ricostruire e validare le osservazioni da radar ad apertura sintetica in banda X (#1201) (literal)
Abstract
  • Monitoring of precipitation plays an important role in the fulfillment of the COSMO Sky-Med objective of \"environmental monitoring, for management of exogenous, endogenous and anthropogenic risks\". While the primary SAR application is \"all weather\" surface monitoring, in fact, precipitation induces both propagation and backscatter effects on surface returns and also reduces the spatial resolution achievable with fixed targets. However, Cosmo Sky Med (CSK®) SARs use a frequency at X-band (9.6 GHz) for which attenuation due propagation through precipitation is not negligible and can affect several SAR applications. In some conditions, especially heavy thunderstorms, precipitation effects can be significant, masking features of interest of the observed surface. Progress in the interpretation of X-SAR data for classification and quantitative estimation of precipitation will take advantage from ground instruments providing the microphysical properties of precipitation along the SAR beam such as polarimetric Doppler ground based radar. A model is developed to map ground radar measurements collected at the various frequencies used by ground based radars with the X-band SAR observations collected at slant incidence. The methodology allowing comparing X-SAR measurements aligned with ground measurements is applied to COSMO SkyMed observations collected from 2010 till 2012 in different regions, like Piedmont (Italy), South US, and the gulf of Helsinki (Finland), and Rome. The methodology was proven to be effective for SAR images although presents some challenging aspects. In particular, the mechanisms for image acquisition are completely different for the two sensors. The impact of time misplacements of measurements collected \"simultaneously\" by a CSK SAR and a generic ground radar and the impact of difference in sampling geometry in reconstructing the component of SAR returns due to precipitation using measurements collected by WRs a given scanning strategies needs to be evaluated. CSK measurements analyzed were collected in different operational modes. Specific attention was devoted at the beginning of project activity to polarimetric images for their potential to support study of precipitation. In fact, anisotropy of most of hydrometeors determines a difference in backscattering and attenuation at HH and VV polarizations. Analysis of CSK PingPong HH-VV images suffers in precipitation by scalloping artifact that misleads interpretation of NRCS in the presence of heavy precipitation. It is expected that future implementations of CSK featuring quad-pol schemes will be more helpful to advance this research. Activity carried out during the second year of the project was focused more on other CSK modes and in particular Later different, single polarization modes were considered thorough a careful analysis of cases collected in US, in Piedmont and in Rome. Interesting and innovative results have been achieved concerning the modeling of SAR returns in the presence of precipitation on the sea surface, where atmospheric effects are added to the increase of backscattering due to raindrops impinging on sea surface. Potentials of SAR in investigating precipitation were also studied by statistical analysis of SAR images in precipitation. Results achieved have been presented from 2010 to 2012 to international congresses, workshops and have been subject of scientific publications in peer reviewed journals. (literal)
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