http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/individuo/prodotto/ID293261

Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height (Articolo in rivista)

Type

Prodotto della ricerca (Classe)
Articolo in rivista (Classe)

Label

Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height (Articolo in rivista) (literal)

Anno

2014-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)

Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#doi

10.1038/ng.3097 (literal)

Alternative label

Wood A.R.; Esko T.; Yang J.; Vedantam S.; Pers T.H.; Gustafsson S.; Chu A.Y.; Estrada K.; Luan J.; Kutalik Z.; Amin N.; Buchkovich M.L.; Croteau-Chonka D.C.; Day F.R.; Duan Y.; Fall T.; Fehrmann R.; Ferreira T.; Jackson A.U.; Karjalainen J.; Lo K.S.; Locke A.E.; Magi R.; Mihailov E.; Porcu E.; Randall J.C.; Scherag A.; Vinkhuyzen A.A.E.; Westra H.-J.; Winkler T.W.; Workalemahu T.; Zhao J.H.; Absher D.; Albrecht E.; Anderson D.; Baron J.; Beekman M.; Demirkan A.; Ehret G.B.; Feenstra B.; Feitosa M.F.; Fischer K.; Fraser R.M.; Goel A.; Gong J.; Justice A.E.; Kanoni S.; Kleber M.E.; Kristiansson K.; Lim U.; Lotay V.; Lui J.C.; Mangino M.; Leach I.M.; Medina-Gomez C.; Nalls M.A.; Nyholt D.R.; Palmer C.D.; Pasko D.; Pechlivanis S.; Prokopenko I.; Ried J.S.; Ripke S.; Shungin D.; Stancakova A.; Strawbridge R.J.; Sung Y.J.; Tanaka T.; Teumer A.; Trompet S.; Van Der Laan S.W.; Van Setten J.; Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk J.V.; Wang Z.; Yengo L.; Zhang W.; Afzal U.; Arnlov J.; Arscott G.M.; Bandinelli S.; Barrett A.; Bellis C.; Bennett A.J.; Berne C.; Bluher M.; Bolton J.L.; Bottcher Y.; Boyd H.A.; Bruinenberg M.; Buckley B.M.; Buyske S.; Caspersen I.H.; Chines P.S.; Clarke R.; Claudi-Boehm S.; Cooper M.; Daw E.W.; De Jong P.A.; Deelen J.; Delgado G.; Denny J.C.; Dhonukshe-Rutten R.; Dimitriou M.; Doney A.S.F.; Dorr M.; Eklund N.; Eury E.; Folkersen L.; Garcia M.E.; Geller F.; Giedraitis V.; Go A.S.; Grallert H.; Grammer T.B.; Grassler J.; Gronberg H.; De Groot L.C.P.G.M.; Groves C.J.; Haessler J.; Hall P.; Haller T.; Hallmans G.; Hannemann A.; Hartman C.A.; Hassinen M.; Hayward C.; Heard-Costa N.L.; Helmer Q.; Hemani G.; Henders A.K.; Hillege H.L.; Hlatky M.A.; Hoffmann W.; Hoffmann P.; Holmen O.; Houwing-Duistermaat J.J.; Illig T.; Isaacs A.; James A.L.; Jeff J.; Johansen B.; Johansson A.; Jolley J.; Juliusdottir T.; Junttila J.; Kho A.N.; Kinnunen L.; Klopp N.; Kocher T.; Kratzer W.; Lichtner P.; Lind L.; Lindstrom J.; Lobbens S.; Lorentzon M.; Lu Y.; Lyssenko V.; Magnusson P.K.E.; Mahajan A.; Maillard M.; McArdle W.L.; McKenzie C.A.; McLachlan S.; McLaren P.J.; Menni C.; Merger S.; Milani L.; Moayyeri A.; Monda K.L.; Morken M.A.; Muller G.; Muller-Nurasyid M.; Musk A.W.; Narisu N.; Nauck M.; Nolte I.M.; Nothen M.M.; Oozageer L.; Pilz S.; Rayner N.W.; Renstrom F.; Robertson N.R.; Rose L.M.; Roussel R.; Sanna S.; Scharnagl H.; Scholtens S.; Schumacher F.R.; Schunkert H.; Scott R.A.; Sehmi J.; Seufferlein T.; Shi J.; Silventoinen K.; Smit J.H.; Smith A.V.; Smolonska J.; Stanton A.V.; Stirrups K.; Stott D.J.; Stringham H.M.; Sundstrom J.; Swertz M.A.; Syvanen A.-C.; Tayo B.O.; Thorleifsson G.; Tyrer J.P.; Van Dijk S.; Van Schoor N.M.; Van Der Velde N.; Van Heemst D.; Van Oort F.V.A.; Vermeulen S.H.; Verweij N.; Vonk J.M.; Waite L.L.; Waldenberger M.; Wennauer R.; Wilkens L.R.; Willenborg C.; Wilsgaard T.; Wojczynski M.K.; Wong A.; Wright A.F.; Zhang Q.; Arveiler D.; Bakker S.J.L.; Beilby J.; Bergman R.N.; Bergmann S.; Biffar R.; Blangero J.; Boomsma D.I.; Bornstein S.R.; Bovet P.; Brambilla P.; Brown M.J.; Campbell H.; Caulfield M.J.; Chakravarti A.; Collins R.; Collins F.S.; Crawford D.C.; Cupples L.A.; Danesh J.; De Faire U.; Den Ruijter H.M.; Erbel R.; Erdmann J.; Eriksson J.G.; Farrall M.; Ferrannini E.; Ferrieres J.; Ford I.; Forouhi N.G.; Forrester T.; Gansevoort R.T.; Gejman P.V.; Gieger C.; Golay A.; Gottesman O.; Gudnason V.; Gyllensten U.; Haas D.W.; Hall A.S.; Harris T.B.; Hattersley A.T.; Heath A.C.; Hengstenberg C.; Hicks A.A.; Hindorff L.A.; Hingorani A.D.; Hofman A.; Hovingh G.K.; Humphries S.E.; Hunt S.C.; Hypponen E.; Jacobs K.B.; Jarvelin M.-R.; Jousilahti P.; Jula A.M.; Kaprio J.; Kastelein J.J.P.; Kayser M.; Kee F.; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S.M.; Kiemeney L.A.; Kooner J.S.; Kooperberg C.; Koskinen S.; Kovacs P.; Kraja A.T.; Kumari M.; Kuusisto J.; Lakka T.A.; Langenberg C.; Le Marchand L.; Lehtimaki T.; Lupoli S.; Madden P.A.F.; Mannisto S.; Manunta P.; Marette A.; Matise T.C.; McKnight B.; Meitinger T.; Moll F.L.; Montgomery G.W.; Morris A.D.; Morris A.P.; Murray J.C.; Nelis M.; Ohlsson C.; Oldehinkel A.J.; Ong K.K.; Ouwehand W.H.; Pasterkamp G.; Peters A.; Pramstaller P.P.; Price J.F.; Qi L.; Raitakari O.T.; Rankinen T.; Rao D.C.; Rice T.K.; Ritchie M.; Rudan I.; Salomaa V.; Samani N.J.; Saramies J.; Sarzynski M.A.; Schwarz P.E.H.; Sebert S.; Sever P.; Shuldiner A.R.; Sinisalo J.; Steinthorsdottir V.; Stolk R.P.; Tardif J.-C.; Tonjes A.; Tremblay A.; Tremoli E.; Virtamo J.; Vohl M.-C.; Amouyel P.; Asselbergs F.W.; Assimes T.L.; Bochud M.; Boehm B.O.; Boerwinkle E.; Bottinger E.P.; Bouchard C.; Cauchi S.; Chambers J.C.; Chanock S.J.; Cooper R.S.; De Bakker P.I.W.; Dedoussis G.; Ferrucci L.; Franks P.W.; Froguel P.; Groop L.C.; Haiman C.A.; Hamsten A.; Hayes M.G.; Hui J.; Hunter D.J.; Hveem K.; Jukema J.W.; Kaplan R.C.; Kivimaki M.; Kuh D.; Laakso M.; Liu Y.; Martin N.G.; Marz W.; Melbye M.; Moebus S.; Munroe P.B.; Njolstad I.; Oostra B.A.; Palmer C.N.A.; Pedersen N.L.; Perola M.; Perusse L.; Peters U.; Powell J.E.; Power C.; Quertermous T.; Rauramaa R.; Reinmaa E.; Ridker P.M.; Rivadeneira F.; Rotter J.I.; Saaristo T.E.; Saleheen D.; Schlessinger D.; Slagboom P.E.; Snieder H.; Spector T.D.; Strauch K.; Stumvoll M.; Tuomilehto J.; Uusitupa M.; Van Der Harst P.; Volzke H.; Walker M.; Wareham N.J.; Watkins H.; Wichmann H.-E.; Wilson J.F.; Zanen P.; Deloukas P.; Heid I.M.; Lindgren C.M.; Mohlke K.L.; Speliotes E.K.; Thorsteinsdottir U.; Barroso I.; Fox C.S.; North K.E.; Strachan D.P.; Beckmann J.S.; Berndt S.I.; Boehnke M.; Borecki I.B.; McCarthy M.I.; Metspalu A.; Stefansson K.; Uitterlinden A.G.; Van Duijn C.M.; Franke L.; Willer C.J.; Price A.L.; Lettre G.; Loos R.J.F.; Weedon M.N.; Ingelsson E.; O'Connell J.R.; Abecasis G.R.; Chasman D.I.; Goddard M.E.; Visscher P.M.; Hirschhorn J.N.; Frayling T.M. (2014)
Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height
in Nature genetics (Online)
(literal)

Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori

Wood A.R.; Esko T.; Yang J.; Vedantam S.; Pers T.H.; Gustafsson S.; Chu A.Y.; Estrada K.; Luan J.; Kutalik Z.; Amin N.; Buchkovich M.L.; Croteau-Chonka D.C.; Day F.R.; Duan Y.; Fall T.; Fehrmann R.; Ferreira T.; Jackson A.U.; Karjalainen J.; Lo K.S.; Locke A.E.; Magi R.; Mihailov E.; Porcu E.; Randall J.C.; Scherag A.; Vinkhuyzen A.A.E.; Westra H.-J.; Winkler T.W.; Workalemahu T.; Zhao J.H.; Absher D.; Albrecht E.; Anderson D.; Baron J.; Beekman M.; Demirkan A.; Ehret G.B.; Feenstra B.; Feitosa M.F.; Fischer K.; Fraser R.M.; Goel A.; Gong J.; Justice A.E.; Kanoni S.; Kleber M.E.; Kristiansson K.; Lim U.; Lotay V.; Lui J.C.; Mangino M.; Leach I.M.; Medina-Gomez C.; Nalls M.A.; Nyholt D.R.; Palmer C.D.; Pasko D.; Pechlivanis S.; Prokopenko I.; Ried J.S.; Ripke S.; Shungin D.; Stancakova A.; Strawbridge R.J.; Sung Y.J.; Tanaka T.; Teumer A.; Trompet S.; Van Der Laan S.W.; Van Setten J.; Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk J.V.; Wang Z.; Yengo L.; Zhang W.; Afzal U.; Arnlov J.; Arscott G.M.; Bandinelli S.; Barrett A.; Bellis C.; Bennett A.J.; Berne C.; Bluher M.; Bolton J.L.; Bottcher Y.; Boyd H.A.; Bruinenberg M.; Buckley B.M.; Buyske S.; Caspersen I.H.; Chines P.S.; Clarke R.; Claudi-Boehm S.; Cooper M.; Daw E.W.; De Jong P.A.; Deelen J.; Delgado G.; Denny J.C.; Dhonukshe-Rutten R.; Dimitriou M.; Doney A.S.F.; Dorr M.; Eklund N.; Eury E.; Folkersen L.; Garcia M.E.; Geller F.; Giedraitis V.; Go A.S.; Grallert H.; Grammer T.B.; Grassler J.; Gronberg H.; De Groot L.C.P.G.M.; Groves C.J.; Haessler J.; Hall P.; Haller T.; Hallmans G.; Hannemann A.; Hartman C.A.; Hassinen M.; Hayward C.; Heard-Costa N.L.; Helmer Q.; Hemani G.; Henders A.K.; Hillege H.L.; Hlatky M.A.; Hoffmann W.; Hoffmann P.; Holmen O.; Houwing-Duistermaat J.J.; Illig T.; Isaacs A.; James A.L.; Jeff J.; Johansen B.; Johansson A.; Jolley J.; Juliusdottir T.; Junttila J.; Kho A.N.; Kinnunen L.; Klopp N.; Kocher T.; Kratzer W.; Lichtner P.; Lind L.; Lindstrom J.; Lobbens S.; Lorentzon M.; Lu Y.; Lyssenko V.; Magnusson P.K.E.; Mahajan A.; Maillard M.; McArdle W.L.; McKenzie C.A.; McLachlan S.; McLaren P.J.; Menni C.; Merger S.; Milani L.; Moayyeri A.; Monda K.L.; Morken M.A.; Muller G.; Muller-Nurasyid M.; Musk A.W.; Narisu N.; Nauck M.; Nolte I.M.; Nothen M.M.; Oozageer L.; Pilz S.; Rayner N.W.; Renstrom F.; Robertson N.R.; Rose L.M.; Roussel R.; Sanna S.; Scharnagl H.; Scholtens S.; Schumacher F.R.; Schunkert H.; Scott R.A.; Sehmi J.; Seufferlein T.; Shi J.; Silventoinen K.; Smit J.H.; Smith A.V.; Smolonska J.; Stanton A.V.; Stirrups K.; Stott D.J.; Stringham H.M.; Sundstrom J.; Swertz M.A.; Syvanen A.-C.; Tayo B.O.; Thorleifsson G.; Tyrer J.P.; Van Dijk S.; Van Schoor N.M.; Van Der Velde N.; Van Heemst D.; Van Oort F.V.A.; Vermeulen S.H.; Verweij N.; Vonk J.M.; Waite L.L.; Waldenberger M.; Wennauer R.; Wilkens L.R.; Willenborg C.; Wilsgaard T.; Wojczynski M.K.; Wong A.; Wright A.F.; Zhang Q.; Arveiler D.; Bakker S.J.L.; Beilby J.; Bergman R.N.; Bergmann S.; Biffar R.; Blangero J.; Boomsma D.I.; Bornstein S.R.; Bovet P.; Brambilla P.; Brown M.J.; Campbell H.; Caulfield M.J.; Chakravarti A.; Collins R.; Collins F.S.; Crawford D.C.; Cupples L.A.; Danesh J.; De Faire U.; Den Ruijter H.M.; Erbel R.; Erdmann J.; Eriksson J.G.; Farrall M.; Ferrannini E.; Ferrieres J.; Ford I.; Forouhi N.G.; Forrester T.; Gansevoort R.T.; Gejman P.V.; Gieger C.; Golay A.; Gottesman O.; Gudnason V.; Gyllensten U.; Haas D.W.; Hall A.S.; Harris T.B.; Hattersley A.T.; Heath A.C.; Hengstenberg C.; Hicks A.A.; Hindorff L.A.; Hingorani A.D.; Hofman A.; Hovingh G.K.; Humphries S.E.; Hunt S.C.; Hypponen E.; Jacobs K.B.; Jarvelin M.-R.; Jousilahti P.; Jula A.M.; Kaprio J.; Kastelein J.J.P.; Kayser M.; Kee F.; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S.M.; Kiemeney L.A.; Kooner J.S.; Kooperberg C.; Koskinen S.; Kovacs P.; Kraja A.T.; Kumari M.; Kuusisto J.; Lakka T.A.; Langenberg C.; Le Marchand L.; Lehtimaki T.; Lupoli S.; Madden P.A.F.; Mannisto S.; Manunta P.; Marette A.; Matise T.C.; McKnight B.; Meitinger T.; Moll F.L.; Montgomery G.W.; Morris A.D.; Morris A.P.; Murray J.C.; Nelis M.; Ohlsson C.; Oldehinkel A.J.; Ong K.K.; Ouwehand W.H.; Pasterkamp G.; Peters A.; Pramstaller P.P.; Price J.F.; Qi L.; Raitakari O.T.; Rankinen T.; Rao D.C.; Rice T.K.; Ritchie M.; Rudan I.; Salomaa V.; Samani N.J.; Saramies J.; Sarzynski M.A.; Schwarz P.E.H.; Sebert S.; Sever P.; Shuldiner A.R.; Sinisalo J.; Steinthorsdottir V.; Stolk R.P.; Tardif J.-C.; Tonjes A.; Tremblay A.; Tremoli E.; Virtamo J.; Vohl M.-C.; Amouyel P.; Asselbergs F.W.; Assimes T.L.; Bochud M.; Boehm B.O.; Boerwinkle E.; Bottinger E.P.; Bouchard C.; Cauchi S.; Chambers J.C.; Chanock S.J.; Cooper R.S.; De Bakker P.I.W.; Dedoussis G.; Ferrucci L.; Franks P.W.; Froguel P.; Groop L.C.; Haiman C.A.; Hamsten A.; Hayes M.G.; Hui J.; Hunter D.J.; Hveem K.; Jukema J.W.; Kaplan R.C.; Kivimaki M.; Kuh D.; Laakso M.; Liu Y.; Martin N.G.; Marz W.; Melbye M.; Moebus S.; Munroe P.B.; Njolstad I.; Oostra B.A.; Palmer C.N.A.; Pedersen N.L.; Perola M.; Perusse L.; Peters U.; Powell J.E.; Power C.; Quertermous T.; Rauramaa R.; Reinmaa E.; Ridker P.M.; Rivadeneira F.; Rotter J.I.; Saaristo T.E.; Saleheen D.; Schlessinger D.; Slagboom P.E.; Snieder H.; Spector T.D.; Strauch K.; Stumvoll M.; Tuomilehto J.; Uusitupa M.; Van Der Harst P.; Volzke H.; Walker M.; Wareham N.J.; Watkins H.; Wichmann H.-E.; Wilson J.F.; Zanen P.; Deloukas P.; Heid I.M.; Lindgren C.M.; Mohlke K.L.; Speliotes E.K.; Thorsteinsdottir U.; Barroso I.; Fox C.S.; North K.E.; Strachan D.P.; Beckmann J.S.; Berndt S.I.; Boehnke M.; Borecki I.B.; McCarthy M.I.; Metspalu A.; Stefansson K.; Uitterlinden A.G.; Van Duijn C.M.; Franke L.; Willer C.J.; Price A.L.; Lettre G.; Loos R.J.F.; Weedon M.N.; Ingelsson E.; O'Connell J.R.; Abecasis G.R.; Chasman D.I.; Goddard M.E.; Visscher P.M.; Hirschhorn J.N.; Frayling T.M. (literal)

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1173 (literal)

Pagina fine

1186 (literal)

Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#url

http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908890496&partnerID=q2rCbXpz (literal)

Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#numeroVolume

46 (literal)

Rivista

Nature genetics (Rivista)

Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#numeroFascicolo

11 (literal)

Note

Scopu (literal)

Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#affiliazioni

Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translation Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Section on Growth and Development, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; Department of Odontology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum FÃ¼r Herz-Kreislaufforschung-German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States; CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France; UniversitÃ© de Lille 2, Lille, France; Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden; PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy; Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States; Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; LifeLines, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Clinical Trial Service Unit, Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische UniversitÃ¤t Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Unit of Nutritional Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine i, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden; Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark; Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica; Global Health Institute, Department of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique FÃ©dÃ©rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States; Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische UniversitÃ¤t Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Medicine i, University Hospital Grobhadern, Ludwig Maximilians UniversitÃ¤t, Munich, Germany; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Ludwig Maximilians UniversitÃ¤t, Neuherberg, Germany; DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine (EMGO) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, Public Hospital System of the City of Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France; INSERM U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Deutsches Herzzentrum MÃ¼nchen, Technische UniversitÃ¤t MÃ¼nchen, Munich, Germany; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States; Decode Genetics, Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychology Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany; DZHK, Partner Site Hamburg-Lubeck-Kiel, Lubeck, Germany; Institut FÃ¼r Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, UniversitÃ¤t zu LÃ¼beck, LÃ¼beck, Germany; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway; MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Dental Materials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles; Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Desio, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Barts and the London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Clinic of Cardiology, West German Heart Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France; Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago, Evanston, IL, United States; Service of Therapeutic Education for Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Leeds MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy; University of LÃ¼beck, Lubeck, Germany; Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; School of Population Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland; MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Hjelt Institute Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; UK Clinical Research Collaboration Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; UniversitÃ Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuÃ©bec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Center for Systems Genomics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States; Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom; South Carelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany; International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Helsinki University Central Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Montreal Heart Institute, UniversitÃ© de MontrÃ©al, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, UniversitÃ di Milano and Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura A Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U744, UniversitÃ© de Lille 2, Lille, France; Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden; Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Belfer, NY, United States; Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Synlab Academy, Synlab Services, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States; Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland; Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland; Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karatchi, Pakistan; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Del Hospital Universario la Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria; Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Ludwig Maximilians UniversitÃ¤t, Munich, Germany; Klinikum Grobhadern, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology i, Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Car????????????????ê??????ð3????????????aê??????Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translation Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Section on Growth and Development, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; Department of Odontology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum FÃ¼r Herz-Kreislaufforschung-German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States; CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France; UniversitÃ© de Lille 2, Lille, France; Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden; PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy; Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States; Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; LifeLines, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Clinical Trial Service Unit, Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische UniversitÃ¤t Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Unit of Nutritional Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine i, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden; Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark; Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica; Global Health Institute, Department of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique FÃ©dÃ©rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States; Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische UniversitÃ¤t Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Medicine i, University Hospital Grobhadern, Ludwig Maximilians UniversitÃ¤t, Munich, Germany; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Ludwig Maximilians UniversitÃ¤t, Neuherberg, Germany; DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine (EMGO) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, Public Hospital System of the City of Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France; INSERM U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Deutsches Herzzentrum MÃ¼nchen, Technische UniversitÃ¤t MÃ¼nchen, Munich, Germany; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland; University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States; Decode Genetics, Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychology Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany; DZHK, Partner Site Hamburg-Lubeck-Kiel, Lubeck, Germany; Institut FÃ¼r Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, UniversitÃ¤t zu LÃ¼beck, LÃ¼beck, Germany; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway; MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Dental Materials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles; Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Desio, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Barts and the London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Clinic of Cardiology, West German Heart Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France; Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago, Evanston, IL, United States; Service of Therapeutic Education for Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Leeds MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy; University of LÃ¼beck, Lubeck, Germany; Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; School of Population Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland; MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Hjelt Institute Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; UK Clinical Research Collaboration Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; UniversitÃ Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuÃ©bec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Center for Systems Genomics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States; Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom; South Carelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany; International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Helsinki University Central Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Montreal Heart Institute, UniversitÃ© de MontrÃ©al, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, UniversitÃ di Milano and Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura A Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U744, UniversitÃ© de Lille 2, Lille, France; Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden; Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Belfer, NY, United States; Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Synlab Academy, Synlab Services, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States; Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland; Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland; Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karatchi, Pakistan; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Del Hospital Universario la Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria; Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Ludwig Maximilians UniversitÃ¤t, Munich, Germany; Klinikum Grobhadern, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology i, Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Carolina Cen (literal)

Titolo

Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height (literal)

Abstract

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated 1/42,000, 1/43,700 and 1/49,500 SNPs explained 1/421%, 1/424% and 1/429% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/I 2-catenin and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but finite number (thousands) of causal variants. (literal)

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