Vicia faba L.: a model organism for plant cell biology studies assessing environmental pollution and bioremediation processes (Contributo in atti di convegno)

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  • Vicia faba L.: a model organism for plant cell biology studies assessing environmental pollution and bioremediation processes (Contributo in atti di convegno) (literal)
Anno
  • 2014-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
Alternative label
  • Ruffini Castiglione M., di Gregorio S., Giorgetti L. (2014)
    Vicia faba L.: a model organism for plant cell biology studies assessing environmental pollution and bioremediation processes
    in 109° Congresso Societa' Botanica Italiana,, Firenze, 2-5 Settembre 2014
    (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori
  • Ruffini Castiglione M., di Gregorio S., Giorgetti L. (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#affiliazioni
  • Ruffini Castiglione M, di Gregorio S, Department of Biology, University of Pisa Giorgetti L, CNR, IBBA, Pisa (literal)
Titolo
  • Vicia faba L.: a model organism for plant cell biology studies assessing environmental pollution and bioremediation processes (literal)
Abstract
  • Some higher plants present characteristics that make them excellent models to assess environmental pollutants, providing a large array of endpoints (e.g., germination rate, biomass weight, enzyme activities) pointing out matrix toxicity. Moreover they can also offer the possibility of assessing several genetic endpoints, which range from point mutations to chromosome aberrations (CA) and DNA fragmentation studies (1, 2). The root apical meristem of Vicia faba has been the pioneer cytogenetic material for clastogenicity studies of physical and chemical agents since the early 1930s. Since then there have been several proposals of V. faba protocol standardization for determining the genotoxicity both of liquid and solid matrices (3, 4, 5), and recently also the Italian Istituto Superiore di Sanità published guidelines for evaluation of mutagens in freshwaters and sediments with V. faba (6). The aim of this research was to exploit V. faba system in the follow up and in the final evaluation of a bioremediation process consistent in ex situ biological treatment in biopile of a soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 6480 ppm) and by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs, 18347 ppm). At the end of the whole process the biopile treatment determined the depletion of PAHs and TPHs below 10 and 100 ppm respectively. Different endpoints have been considered with V. faba system: the phytotoxicity, measured as % Germination index, that summarizes all the information on the impact of a potential toxic compound on seed germination and root elongation; the cytotoxicity, by means of the mitotic index, that is based on the measurement of the mitotic activity of the root meristem cells; the genotoxicity, by the cytological analysis of mitotic behaviour of root meristem, based on the checking of chromosomal aberrations in mitotic cells (Aberration Index), and of micronuclei formation (MCN Test), detectable in interphase cells. As additional endpoint of genotoxicity, cytohistochemical detection of in situ DNA fragmentation in root apices was achieved by TUNEL reaction, that allows to recognize both single and double-strand breaks at cellular and tissue level. Considering the obtained results it was found that the toxicity of the contaminated soil was completely depleted at the end of the bio-based decontamination approach and V. faba represented a very good system for monitoring the biodegradation processes, essential in relation to the chemical analysis, that alone does not allow to predict the real toxicity of the matrix. Indeed it may depend on the original pollutants, but also on degradation intermediates, often unknown, and on the synergic actions of the different toxicants. In this context, it has to be mentioned that, in order to evaluate the eventual efficacy of an applied remediation strategy, the use of bioassays with higher plants may be considered a fundamental point in risk assessment. (literal)
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