http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/individuo/prodotto/ID255809
The VLF fingerprint of elves: Step-like and long-recovery early VLF perturbations caused by powerful ±CG lightning EM pulses (Articolo in rivista)
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- The VLF fingerprint of elves: Step-like and long-recovery early VLF perturbations caused by powerful ±CG lightning EM pulses (Articolo in rivista) (literal)
- Anno
- 2013-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
- Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#doi
- 10.1002/jgra.50489 (literal)
- Alternative label
Christos Haldoupis, Morris Cohen, Enrico Arnone, Benjamin Cotts, and Stefano Dietrich (2013)
The VLF fingerprint of elves: Step-like and long-recovery early VLF perturbations caused by powerful ±CG lightning EM pulses
in JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: SPACE PHYSICS
(literal)
- Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori
- Christos Haldoupis, Morris Cohen, Enrico Arnone, Benjamin Cotts, and Stefano Dietrich (literal)
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- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jgra.50489/abstract (literal)
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- 1Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
2Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
California, USA.
3Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, CNR, Bologna, Italy.
4Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Practice, Exponent, Inc.,
Bowie, Maryland, USA.
5Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, CNR, Rome, Italy. (literal)
- Titolo
- The VLF fingerprint of elves: Step-like and long-recovery early VLF perturbations caused by powerful ±CG lightning EM pulses (literal)
- Abstract
- Subionospheric VLF recordings are investigated in relation with intense cloud-to-ground
(CG) lightning data. Lightning impacts the lower ionosphere via heating and ionization
changes which produce VLF signal perturbations known as early VLF events. Typically,
early events recover in about 100 s, but a small subclass does not recover for many minutes,
known as long-recovery early events (LORE). In this study, we identify LORE as a distinct
category of early VLF events, whose signature may occur either on its own or alongside the
short-lived typical early VLF event. Since LORE onsets coincide with powerful lightning
strokes of either polarity (±), we infer that they are due to long-lasting ionization changes in
the uppermost D region ionosphere caused by electromagnetic pulses emitted by strong ±CG
lightning peak currents of typically>250 kA, which are also known to generate elves. The
LORE perturbations are detected when the discharge is located within ~250 kmfromthe great
circle path of a VLF transmitter-receiver link. The probability of occurrence increases with
stroke intensity and approaches unity for discharges with peak currents >= ~300 kA. LOREs
are nighttime phenomena that occur preferentially, at least in the present regional data set,
during winter when strong ±CG discharges are more frequent and intense. The evidence
suggests LORE as a distinct signature representing the VLF fingerprint of elves, a fact which,
although was predicted by theory, it escaped identification in the long-going VLF research of
lightning effects in the lower ionosphere. (literal)
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