http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/individuo/prodotto/ID239899
Protocol for Debris-flow Monitoring (Rapporti progetti di ricerca)
- Type
- Label
- Protocol for Debris-flow Monitoring (Rapporti progetti di ricerca) (literal)
- Anno
- 2013-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
- Alternative label
- Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori
- Marco Cavalli, Lorenzo Marchi, Massimo Arattano (literal)
- Pagina inizio
- Pagina fine
- Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#altreInformazioni
- Il presente report è stato redatto nell'ambito dello European Territorial Cooperation project \"Sediment management in Alpine basins: integrating sediment continuum, risk mitigation and hydropower\" (SedAlp), (literal)
- Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#pagineTotali
- Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#affiliazioni
- Titolo
- Protocol for Debris-flow Monitoring (literal)
- Abstract
- Monitoring of debris flows in instrumented catchments permits collection of
data on these phenomena and provides a valuable link with
geomorphological and topographical observations of erosion, sediment
supply and channel evolution. The recorded data can serve as a basis for
implementing of early warning systems that provide defense against
debris-flow risk. The quantification of sediment volumes transported by
debris flows along with their temporal frequency, timing, flow
characteristics (i.e. velocity, flow depth, peak discharge, density) are of
crucial importance for hazard assessment, land-use planning and design of
torrent control structures. In addition, instrumented basins provide highquality
information for deriving regional thresholds of rainfall intensity
and/or cumulated values for debris-flow triggering to be used in warning
systems.
Japan and China have pioneered debris-flow monitoring (Okuda et al.,
1980; Zhang, 1993) and sites instrumented in these countries still play a
significant role in debris-flow research, also thanks to the long time series
of recorded data (Hu et al., 2011a, b; Suwa et al., 2011). In Taiwan, the
frequent occurrence of high-magnitude debris flows with severe damage to
settlements has urged the installation of equipment for monitoring debris
flows and for issuing warnings in a number of sites (Yin et al., 2011).
Amongst early experiences on instrumental observations of debris flows in
the United States, are the monitoring campaigns by Pierson (1986) in
channels on the flanks of Mount St. Helens. More recently, the installation
of monitoring equipment at Chalk Cliffs, a small, very active catchment in
the Colorado Rocky Mountains, has started providing valuable information
and data on debris-flow triggering and flow dynamics (Coe et al., 2008;
McCoy et al., 2011). In Europe, the first catchment instrumented for debris
-flow monitoring was probably the Moscardo Torrent in the Eastern Italian
Alps (Arattano et al., 1997; Marchi et al., 2002). Other sites were
3
instrumented in the late 1990s and early 2000s in Italy (Tecca et al., 2003)
and Switzerland (Hürlimann et al., 2003). Amongst these monitoring sites,
the Illgraben catchment (Switzerland) deserves to be mentioned because
of innovative measurements on forces and pore fluid pressure in debris
flows (Mc Ardell et al., 2007) and channel-bed erosion (Berger et al.,
2011). Recent development of monitoring activities in Europe, which
include installations in Austria (Kogelnig et al., 2011), France (Navratil et
al., 2012; 2013b), and Spain (Hürlimann et al., 2011) indicates the high
interest for this sector of debris-flow studies.
The number of monitoring sites and the amount of recorded data on debris
flows remains still limited if compared to landslides and fluvial sediment
transport. Moreover, the large variability of debris-flow features, their
dependence on local topographical, geological and climate conditions
makes the collection of more data in instrumented catchments of the
utmost importance.
This protocol aims at describing minimum requirements for a debris-flow
monitoring site and illustrating the existing sensors and methods of
measurements and data collection. In the SedAlp Project several
catchments are instrumented for debris-flows monitoring: Rio Gadria by
the Autonomous Province of Bozen-Bolzano (PP1) with the collaboration of
CNR-IRPI (PP4), Rio Chiesa by ARPAV (PP2), Moscardo Torrent by CNR-IRPI
(PP4), Manival and Réal torrents by Irstea (PP7). Monitoring concepts of
these pilot areas were used to draft the protocol; devices and
measurements methods implemented in European debris-flow monitoring
sites outside the project were also considered in order to provide a
comprehensive view of existing methods for debris-flow monitoring. (literal)
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