The 1891 Submarine Eruption of Lava Balloons off Pantelleria Island (Sicily Channel, Italy): Contributions from Marine Geology and Volcanology (Abstract/Comunicazione in atti di convegno)

Type
Label
  • The 1891 Submarine Eruption of Lava Balloons off Pantelleria Island (Sicily Channel, Italy): Contributions from Marine Geology and Volcanology (Abstract/Comunicazione in atti di convegno) (literal)
Anno
  • 2012-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
Alternative label
  • CONTE Aida Maria (1), MARTORELLI Eleonora (2), CALARCO Marilena (3), SPOSATO Andrea (2), PERINELLI Cristina (4), COLTELLI Mauro (5), CHIOCCI Francesco Latino (3) (2012)
    The 1891 Submarine Eruption of Lava Balloons off Pantelleria Island (Sicily Channel, Italy): Contributions from Marine Geology and Volcanology
    in MAKAVOL-EL HIERRO 2012, El Hierro, 10-10-2012/15-10-2012
    (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori
  • CONTE Aida Maria (1), MARTORELLI Eleonora (2), CALARCO Marilena (3), SPOSATO Andrea (2), PERINELLI Cristina (4), COLTELLI Mauro (5), CHIOCCI Francesco Latino (3) (literal)
Note
  • Abstract (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#affiliazioni
  • (1) CNR- Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Roma, Italy; (2) CNR-Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, Roma, Italy; (3) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy; (4) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Italy; (5) INGV- Osservatorio Etneo, Catania, Italy (literal)
Titolo
  • The 1891 Submarine Eruption of Lava Balloons off Pantelleria Island (Sicily Channel, Italy): Contributions from Marine Geology and Volcanology (literal)
Abstract
  • The last known event of the Pantelleria volcanic complex (Sicily Channel, Italy) was a basaltic submarine eruption, which occurred on October 1891, 5 km off the NW coast of the island. Historical reports [e.g. Riccò, 1892; Washington, 1909] document that 1891 eruption was unusual as it produced floating lava bombs (i.e., lava balloons). Before the 1891 event of Pantelleria the only documented eruption emitting lava balloons was that at Mauna Loa, Hawaii in 1877 [Moore et al., 1985]. Later on, similar eruptions have been documented at Socorro Island, Mexico in 1993 [Siebe et al., 1995]; Serreta ridge, offshore Terceira Island, Azores in 1998-2001 [Gaspar et al., 2003; Kueppers et al., 2012; Chiocci et al., 2012] and offshore El Hierro, Canary Islands in October 2011 [Troll et al., 2011]. To date, despite significant recent advances [i.e., Kueppers et al., 2012; Troll et al., 2011; Conte et al., submitted] most remains unknown for this kind of eruptions. In the present work we use the high-resolution bathymetric data and petrological and geochemical data of submarine volcanic deposits collected during two marine surveys, in 2006 and 2008 in the area surrounding the sighting of lava balloons reported by Riccò [1892] in order to identify and characterize the vent and the eruptive processes of the 1891 eruption of Pantelleria. The results of investigation indicate: 1) the 1891 eruptive vent is a small cone (volume of ~700,000 m3) rising ~90 m from 350 m w.d., and located within a newly discovered submarine volcanic field; 2) the erupted products consist of floating scoriaceous bombs (lava balloons), scorias and sand-sized glass shards (i.e., Pele's hair, fluidal, highly vesicular and reticulite pyroclasts) made up by a relatively volatile-poor, basaltic-hawaiitiic magma. 3) Coarser products (scorias) are dispersed nearby the vent, whereas glassy shards are dispersed northward from the vent, up to 1.5 km, probably due to a buoyant plume likely redirected by marine currents. 4) The majority of coarser products (scorias) display distinctive vesicularity and crystallization characteristics that reflect modes of degassing in both syn- and post-eruptive regimes. All these features point to the likelihood of an explosive eruption, similar to those that worldwide pertain to submarine Hawaiian fountaining and/or to sustained strombolian activity. Such eruptions, depending on magma ascent rate and style of degassing are able to produce a widespread dispersal of small-sized pyroclasts and the entrainment of large pyroclasts in the rising plumes. The results provide a contribution on improvement of knowledge of submarine explosive eruptions occurring at shallow-intermediate depths, and in particular on the definition of the styles of the rare eruptions producing lava balloons. (literal)
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