EPIDIDYMAL SPERM RECOVERY AS A TOOL TO CREATE CRYOBANKS IN FARM ANIMALS (Comunicazione a convegno)

Type
Label
  • EPIDIDYMAL SPERM RECOVERY AS A TOOL TO CREATE CRYOBANKS IN FARM ANIMALS (Comunicazione a convegno) (literal)
Anno
  • 2012-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
Alternative label
  • Flavia Pizzi, Federica Turri, Teresa Gliozzi (2012)
    EPIDIDYMAL SPERM RECOVERY AS A TOOL TO CREATE CRYOBANKS IN FARM ANIMALS
    in IV Jornadas Peruanas de Buiatria, Lima, Perù, 1-3 novembre 2012
    (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#autori
  • Flavia Pizzi, Federica Turri, Teresa Gliozzi (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#affiliazioni
  • IBBA CNR (literal)
Titolo
  • EPIDIDYMAL SPERM RECOVERY AS A TOOL TO CREATE CRYOBANKS IN FARM ANIMALS (literal)
Abstract
  • The farm animal term refers to animals domesticated for producing commodities for man such as food, fiber and draught. Farm animal biodiversity is integral to our culture, history, environment, and economy. Efficient ex situ and in situ conservation strategies are obligatory tools in order to implement an appropriate action for the conservation of farm animal biodiversity. Some examples of ex situ conservation strategies developed in defense of Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) developed within the European Community are illustrated. In the framework of conservation and sustainable use of AnGR, conservation strategies are categorized as in situ and ex situ. Ex situ conservation mainly refers to cryoconservation of semen, ova, embryos or tissues. The Convention on Biological Diversity ( CBD, 1992) emphasizes the importance of in situ conservation and considers ex situ conservation as an essential complementary strategy to in situ. Genetic materials cryopreserved in gene banks can be used: i) to reconstruct a breed in case of extinction, ii) to create new lines or breeds, iii) as a back-up to quickly modify and/or reorient selection programmes, iv) to support populations conserved in vivo in cryo-aided live schemes or v) as a genetic resource for research. Moreover, gene banks can also be used for storing alleles of a particular locus that are being eradicated through artificial selection programmes. Semen stored in gene banks for short-term storage can be distributed to farmers to support breeding programmes of local breeds, whereas long-term storage of semen (genetic reserve) is back up to secure the breed. Semen and embryos have been proposed for cryopreservation of farm animal genetic resources. Both type of germplasm have potentialities and limitations. Embryos are a valuable material for cryopreservation because they carry the entire genome, even the extra-nuclear genetic material contained in the mitochondria. The storage of embryos would allow the complete recovery of the breed in case of extinction, and this can be accomplished within one generation. In contrast for reconstruction of the breed by using semen alone, several generations of repeated backcrossing are needed, and consequently the required number of semen doses is high. For this reason and in particular for species with a long generation interval, such as cattle, the storage of both semen and embryos is recommended. The choice of the type of germplasm to store in gene banks depends also on the availability of efficient cryopreservation procedures in the different species: semen cryopreservation is available for most of the livestock specie whereas embryos cryopreservation is routinely used mainly in cattle. In the European Union, in order to rationalise cryo-storage of AnGR, some countries have started to create national gene banks. These include: Austria (Austrian Gene Bank for Farm Animals), France (Cryobanque Nationale), Netherland (Center for Genetic Resources - Gene Bank) and Nordic Countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden: Viking Genetics, the Danish-Swedish-Finnish AI-centre). (literal)
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