Low phytate beans: is seed biofortification getting closer? (Comunicazione a convegno)

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Label
  • Low phytate beans: is seed biofortification getting closer? (Comunicazione a convegno) (literal)
Anno
  • 2012-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
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  • Panzeri D, Cominelli E, Bollini R, Campion B, Nielsen E, Sparvoli F (2012)
    Low phytate beans: is seed biofortification getting closer?
    in Phaseomics -The Genome (Special Edition), Guanajuato, México, June 21-23 2012
    (literal)
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  • Panzeri D, Cominelli E, Bollini R, Campion B, Nielsen E, Sparvoli F (literal)
Http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/pubblicazioni.owl#altreInformazioni
  • At the beginning of this millennium a small group of people working on Phaseolus vulgaris decided to promote collaborative research to develop genomic resources of this important legume. An initiative towards promoting research in different aspects of common bean biology was the organization of Phaseomics. In view of the way Molecular techniques were radically altering the way plant breeding was being performed, taking into account that methods that derive from biochemistry, physiology, genetics, structural biology, and informatics were hardly new but that there was a major change in the scale at which genes could be sequenced, and their expression analysed, it was recognized the genome sequence of Phaseolus vulgaris as a fundamental piece of information necessary to address both fundamental, and applied questions in the agricultural and biological sciences. Thus, a major goal of this group was to determine the genome sequence of the common bean. Recently, two independent research groups have finalized the complete DNA sequences of different bean ecotypes, and a third one is on the way. Reports describing the organization of the eleven chromosomes should be published in the coming months. To foster collaboration and the exploitation of this information for the study of symbiosis, responses to the environment, bean breeding and evolution, the PhasIbeAm team is organising a Special Edition of the Phaseomics Meeting in Guanajuato (Mexico). (literal)
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  • PD, DE, CE, RB , FS - IBBA, CNR, Milan, Italy CB - CRA - Unità di Ricerca per l'Orticoltura - Via Paullese 28 - 26836 Montanaso Lombardo, Lodi, Italy. NE - Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie L. Spallanzani, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1 - 27100 Pavia, Italy (literal)
Titolo
  • Low phytate beans: is seed biofortification getting closer? (literal)
Abstract
  • Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency affecting more than 2 billion people throughout of the world. Due to its worldwide consumption and nutritional qualities, common bean has been identified as a strategic target crop to increase dietary iron for human beings (http://www.harvestplus.org/content/iron-beans). Bean seeds have an iron content between 35 and 90 ?g/g and breeding to increase iron concentration by 60-80% in cultivated varieties has been achieved at CIAT. However, increase in iron content not necessarily translates into increased iron bioavailability, that may be strongly reduced by the presence in the seeds of iron absorption inhibitors, such as phytic acid (PA) and polyphenols (PP). Thus, any strategic approach for bean biofortification should consider nutritional trials to be performed to verify the success and extent of the biofortification strategy. Experiments to assess iron bioavailability in high iron bean (HIB) lines have shown that the benefit of increased iron content may be vanished by the presence of high levels of PA and PP in the seeds. In common bean, low PP genotypes can be easily identified, conversely, natural variability in PA content is not very high and the best way to gain significant PA reductions is by obtaining low phytic acid (lpa) mutants. Although such type of mutants have been identified in several grain crops, often PA reduction was associated with negative agronomic traits, such as lower seed viability and emergence, reduced plant growth rate and grain yield. These findings may limit the use of lpa mutants for iron biofortification, since acceptable agronomic performance should be guaranteed to small farmers and poor populations that would benefit from biofortified crops. Recently, we have identified a bean lpa mutant and showed it carries a defective MRP type ABC transporter (Pvmrp1) necessary for phytic acid transport to the vacuole (2,3). Compared to wild type genotypes, bean lpa seeds have a 90% PA reduction, seven fold higher free iron extractability in mild acid conditions and 25% less raffinosaccharides. Agronomic analyses of the original lpa mutant and of derived lpa lines have shown that, despite the strong PA reduction in the seed, seedling emergence, seed yield and plant growth were not affected and not statistically different from those of wt and parental genotypes. Work aimed to evaluate iron bioavailability in lpa lines, using an in vitro/digestion Caco-2 cell culture model is in progress. References: Campion, B. et al. (2009). Theor. Appl. Genet. 118, 1211-1221. / Panzeri, D. et al.. (2011). New Phytol. 191, 70-83. Acknowledgements: Research partially supported by Regione Lombardia/CNR agreement, project 2 (literal)
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