http://www.cnr.it/ontology/cnr/individuo/prodotto/ID174048
Genetically modified embryonic stem cells a tool to study the role of oxidative stress in cell death and differentiation (Contributo in volume (capitolo o saggio))
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- Genetically modified embryonic stem cells a tool to study the role of oxidative stress in cell death and differentiation (Contributo in volume (capitolo o saggio)) (literal)
- Anno
- 2006-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)
- Alternative label
Fico A.; Paglialunga F.; Filosa S. (2006)
Genetically modified embryonic stem cells a tool to study the role of oxidative stress in cell death and differentiation
Nova Science Publishers, New York (Stati Uniti d'America) in Embryonic Stem Cell Research, 2006
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- Fico A.; Paglialunga F.; Filosa S. (literal)
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- Embryonic Stem Cell Research (literal)
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- Istituto di genetica e biofisica \"Adriano Buzzati Traverso\" (literal)
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- Genetically modified embryonic stem cells a tool to study the role of oxidative stress in cell death and differentiation (literal)
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- Embryonic Stem Cell Research (literal)
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- Abstract
- In physiologic concentrations, endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) help to
maintain homeostasis. However, when ROS accumulate in excess for prolonged periods
of time, they cause chronic oxidative stress and adverse effects. Oxidative stress is linked
to the pathogenesis and pathobiochemistry of various diseases, including cancer,
diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegeneration.
Organisms have evolved extensive enzymatic defense systems to protect against the
deleterious effects of oxidants. The tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is part of these
antioxidant systems that protect cells and tissues from oxidative damage. GSH is
believed to function as an important cellular redox buffer and has been suggested to be
involved in determining cell fate decisions, such as proliferation, differentiation and
apoptosis.
Mouse genetic models of disease are often limited by the inherent variability of animal
experiments, the limited mouse life span, and the difficulties in manipulating whole
animals. For instance, genetic rescue experiments and toxicological dose-response studies are impractical in whole animals. Furthermore, genetic cell models are more
readily amenable to molecular dissection of disease mechanisms than are whole animals.
Primary cultures or established cell lines are commonly used to analyse the cytotoxic
effect of chemical factors, drugs and xenobiotics in vitro.
An alternative approach will be provided by permanent lines of pluripotent embryonic
stem (ES) cells, which are able to differentiate into specialized somatic cell types in vitro.
ES cells carrying genetic mutations are a suitable system to study events occurring
during development. In fact, during ES cell differentiation, tissue-specific genes,
proteins, as well as functional properties are expressed in a developmentally regulated
manner recapitulating processes of early embryonic development.
In this review we report data showing the use of genetically modified ES-derived
neurons, erythrocytes and cardiomyocytes in studying the role of oxidative stress in cell
death and differentiation. (literal)
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