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Transport of VOCs in polymers (Contributo in volume (capitolo o saggio))

Type

Prodotto della ricerca (Classe)
Contributo in volume (capitolo o saggio) (Classe)

Label

Transport of VOCs in polymers (Contributo in volume (capitolo o saggio)) (literal)

Anno

2011-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)

Alternative label

K. Friess, P. Izák, M. Sípek, J.C. Jansen (2011)
Transport of VOCs in polymers
Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge (Stati Uniti d'America) in Volatile Organic Compounds, 2011
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K. Friess, P. Izák, M. Sípek, J.C. Jansen (literal)

Pagina inizio

119 (literal)

Pagina fine

147 (literal)

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New York (literal)

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Volatile Organic Compounds (literal)

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ISBN: 978-1-61324-156-1 (literal)

Note

Scopu (literal)

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Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Department of Physical Chemistry, Technicka 5, Prague 6-Dejvice, 166 28 Czech Republic Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy (literal)

Titolo

Transport of VOCs in polymers (literal)

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Volatile Organic Compounds (literal)

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978-1-61324-156-1 (literal)

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J.C. Hanks, S.O. Louglin (literal)

Abstract

Leaking of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gasoline during its storage, handling and transportation constitutes a serious ecological problem seeing that VOCs are known as toxic, environmentally harmful and carcinogenic agents. Despite the fact that the lost amounts of mainly hydrocarbons during common operations in refineries or at fuel stations may seem negligible; in reality they reach hundreds of tons per year of valuable industrial products. All above mentioned facts are the reason why the separation of these compounds from air and their recycling is critically important. At the present time, VOCs removal from the air is realized by traditional cost-consuming technologies like adsorption or refrigeration and by ecological progressive high-efficiency membrane separations. Polymer membranes based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polyether-block-amide (PEBA) currently belong to the group of polymers used for the preparation of composite separation membranes [1-4]. Some of their unfavourable limitations (lower chemical resistance, swelling) led researchers to test also other potentially utilisable polymers like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly{1-trimythylsilyl-1-propyne} (PTMSP), high free volume amorphous glassy perfluoropolymers (Teflon AF) or cross-linked poly(amide-imide) polymers[2-4]. Hence, detailed knowledge of polymer structure-permeability relationship and polymer-penetrant interactions plays an important role in the development and potential industrial application of newly prepared membrane materials. Generally, the mass transport of VOCs in and through the polymer matrix is a complex process which depends on polymer properties (glassy/ rubbery state, orientation, porous/nonporous structure, symmetric/ asymmetric architecture etc.), penetrant properties (molecular size and shape, specific penetrant-penetrant or penetrant-polymer interactions) and also on external conditions (temperature, pressure, concentration gradient etc.). It is generally accepted that mass transport in dense polymer membranes takes place according to the well known solution-diffusion mechanism (SDM) [5]. For small, not-self-aggregative, low-sorbed molecules SDM is valid without any limitations. In other cases, especially for VOCs the solubility of the compound has a strong influence on the polymer behaviour (swelling, plasticization, chain flexibility, reorganisation of dynamic free volume elements) and, consequently, on diffusivity and permeability [1,5]. Therefore the concentration-dependence of transport parameters must be taken into account. In this chapter we shall give a survey of the VOCs transport in non-porous polymer membranes with special reference to the phenomenon of concentration-dependence of transport. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. (literal)

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